There is now a little over a year since the unveiling of Zaha Hadid Al-Wakrah Stadium in Doha, Qatar and intermediate twelve months, it seems that the building was never on the news . More recently, the remarks made by Hadid for the deaths of construction workers in questionable working conditions of Qatar created a media storm of legal proportions. The stadium Hadid was widely mocked for his "organic" appearance, not to mention the fact that the 2022 World Cup in Qatar, the stadium will be built, met with a storm of controversy of its own.
criticism surrounding Al Wakrah prompted us to look far for the most debated building in the world. Al Wakrah could be the most controversial building of all time? See ArchDaily roundup of nine contenders after the break.
Find out which top our buildings controversial list after the break
9. Building Portland (Portland , USA) / Michael Graves
"the idea of tearing the building down, it is like killing a child ... I do not know how to react to that," said architect Michael Graves in a recent discussion on the future of the Portland building, the first important Postmodern building in North America. The building was at the center of heated debate for decades about the validity and usefulness of postmodernism in a functional context. Commissioned by the City of Portland as a civic building Portland building received heavy criticism for its 'more is more' design and closed quasi-classical interior design.
Designed by the New York Five members Michael Graves, the building was intended to celebrate the residents of Portland, but their anger instead. Tormented by the tiny budget and requirements of the program exaggerated, Graves has designed a building clad in red giant columns alternating with soaring windows opaque, leading to decorative ribbons remembering the beauty contest. Graves would have won the bid for the project through its sub-project budget and compliance with the requirement of tiny repetitive windows along the outside of the city. Thirty-two years later, the building is in need of renovation with costs estimated at $ 95M over two years. City officials continue to deliberate on the future of the Portland Building.
8. Sagrada Familia (Barcelona, Spain) / Antoni Gaudi
"My client is in no hurry," Spanish architect told Antoni Gaudi describing his work on Roman emblematic Barcelona basilica Catholic, the Sagrada Familia. The basilica is the longest race of the world construction project, now in its 132nd year - entirely funded by private donations of € 25 million ($ 31.3 million USD) per year. Construction began in 1882 but came to a halt grinding in 1926 after the sudden death of Gaudi tram in the center of Barcelona, the launch of ethical dilemmas on whether the project would be completed. Nearly 100 years after Gaudi's death, a series of architects were running a facsimile of the original plans, despite the complete destruction of original drawings of the building at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.
in the early 1960s, many prolific architects including Le Corbusier and Alvar Aalto launched unsuccessful campaigns to modernize the designs of Gaudi, suggesting his work had become dated and out of place. The architects of the project are currently planning a completion date of 2026 to mark the centenary of Gaudi's death, 144 years after construction began.
7. Residential Tower Antilla (Mumbai, India) / Perkins + Will / Hirsch Bedner Associates
Built beside Golibar slum in the heart of Mumbai, this 27-storey tower is home to one family and currently holds the title of the most expensive private residence in the world, pointing to a record $ 1B USD. Owned by the fifth richest man in the world, Mukesh Ambani, the house was designed jointly by US firms Perkins + Will and Hirsch Bedner Associates, Mandarin Oriental hotels architects worldwide. Each floor of the house has a set of rare, rich materials from around the world chosen by Mrs Ambani specific theme.
The project received widespread disapproval of Mumbai residents who support the tower is insensitive and excessive, which seems to be a euphemism for a house that has a garage six stories, nine private elevators, and 400,000 square feet of residential space single family.
6. Building of Women Expo (Chicago, USA) / Sophia Hayden Bennett
He was "shy," "gentle," "unassertive" and "feminine" according critical opposition to the team of all-female design and management for strengthening Woman Columbian Expo in Chicago. Opened in 1893, the building was dedicated to the success of women in the arts and crafts, but was dismissed as irrelevant by the organizing committee dominated by men of Daniel Burnham. Despite the complaints, the project proceeded as planned under the supervision of the architect Sophia Hayden Bennett, the first woman to graduate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
The building has been criticized for its discreet "feminine aesthetic" compared to neighboring buildings designed by flamboyant male architects. Led by the Board of Lady Managers, an all-female group of artists and patrons, the building became the center of a relentless argument on the need for a space dedicated exclusively to women's work, and the increased role of women in architecture.
5. The "Walkie Talkie" at 20 Fenchurch Street (London, UK) / Rafael Viñoly Architects
Many Londoners could consider a trivial 20 Fenchurch Street address in the winding streets of central London. Unremarkable, that is, until the nickname "Talkie Walkie" is mentioned, suddenly launching a heated debate on the widespread distaste for unorthodox building (read: hated) design. The curvilinear structure inflates its modest footprint as an overinflated balloon popping. Located just north of the Thames River and controversial outside the main cluster of towers in the city of London, the "Walkie Talkie" took their own life in the press after a series of incidents last year involving tendency of building destroy objects at ground level with his "Laser death Ray" (AKA sun glare).
the building was dubbed the "Walkie Scorchie" after a series of incidents including a poorly positioned Jaguar sedan with molten outer panels, shop front sunburned and burned carpet, many bike seats destroyed and many experimental fried eggs because of the temperatures at street level exceeding over 100 degrees Celsius. Paul Finch, a vehement supporter of the building throughout the planning process, has since publicly expressed his regret to support the project, saying that developers "made a mess of it, and are the architects of their own misfortune . "
4. The Eiffel Tower (Paris, France) / Gustave Eiffel
"It is the only place in Paris where I can eat and do not see this turn ugly," said the novelist Parisian Guy de Maupassant in the late 1880s, describing a coffee in front of the newly built Eiffel tower. the infamous tower was host to a veritable avalanche of criticism by Parisians of all stripes who backed the tower would wither elegant low-rise roofscape of the city that had given Haussmann map of the 19th century. anti-round campaigns generalized littered Paris districts , referring to the tower as a "giant black smokestack" and " lamp truly tragic street. " Satiric made featuring the head of the Parisian civil engineer Gustave Eiffel, perched on top of the tower as an embodiment of what many believed to be a major mistake by the City of Paris. However, since its opening in 1889, nearly 250 million people have visited the Eiffel Tower.
3. Sydney Opera House (Sydney, Australia) / Jørn Utzon
There was a story of anger, shooting, rejection, scandal, overspending , and all the rest. In 1957, Utzon of Denmark was chosen from 232 entries to design the Sydney Opera House. Its design was rejected by the selection committee of the competition, but was spared by the jury and the Finnish architect Eero Saarinen. The project was awarded to only 18 million Australian dollars and was promised to be completed in 18 months, but once the ongoing progress was slow and laborious: cranes for roofs had developed even be custom built in France and imported into Australia. In 1966, almost ten years into the project, the newly elected government of New South Wales deemed costs were too high and the slow progress because of insatiable perfectionism Utzon. Utzon was ousted from the project by the new Public Works Director Davis Hughes, ceasing construction, ending his salary and budget freeze on the project.
Australian architect Peter Hall replaced Utzon, significantly alter the original winning design for the building. Inflated costs AUD $ 102M under the supervision of Hall, with an additional period of nearly 10 years - the project took 16 years to complete. Utzon never visited the finished structure, but received an official apology from the Opera in 1999.
2. Al Wakrah Stadium (Doha, Qatar) / Zaha Hadid Architects
Zaha Hadid has been lampooned on his controversial book on Al-Wakrah Stadium in Doha, one of five being built for the 2022 Fifa world Cup. initial criticism revolved around the stadium design and yonic aspect, but the stadium has since been caught in the controversy surrounding the working conditions of migrant workers involved in many important projects for the World Cup to Qatar. More than 1,000 workers have died during construction of World Cup facilities, and when asked if she would take any action regarding the working conditions when his own project begins, famous Hadid said " it is my duty as an architect to look at. "
Fifa has promised to monitor working conditions in Qatar, but has recently been under fire himself for corruption alleged during the world cup of the Qatar bid, so some suggest that the cut would be awarded to another country to avoid problems caused by the extreme heat of Qatar. progress continues on the controversial stage Hadid despite swaths of criticism from government officials, reviews, and notable architects.
1. Development Pruitt-Igoe housing (St. Louis, States States) / Minoru Yamasaki
Described as "hell on earth" by a single occupant, Pruitt-Igoe is the most notorious failure in the history of public housing. It was one of the largest residential projects in the United States during his tenure from 1954 to 1972, but was never fully occupied because of endemic racism and monitoring "white flight" after the desegregation of Missouri public housing in 1956.
contemporary critical Pruitt-Igoe accused of prison, causing widespread mental health problems for its low-income residents in itself; less than two decades after its completion, the development was deemed unfit for occupancy, and was emptied and razed as quickly as the city of St. Louis could manage. However, since its demolition, some of these contemporary studies have been criticized for poor research, with many citing the racism inherent in the statistical results. The explosive destruction of Pruitt-Igoe was declared by Charles Jencks as the "death of modern architecture" and is now used as a textbook example of what to avoid in urban design. Pruitt-Igoe is often credited as the leader of the fall of public housing in St. Louis.
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